Título del artículo:

Glyphosate commercial formulation effects on preoptic area and hypothalamus of cardinal neon paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

In Colombia the use of glyphosate commercial formulations (Roundup™) for spraying have left deleterious effects on animals and humans. Much of this spraying takes place at the Orinoco basin, habitat of one of the most exported ornamental fish in Colombia, Cardinal neon. To evaluate the effect of Roundup Activo™ four experimental treatments were carried out with 0 mg/L (T1), 0.1 mg/L (T2), 1 mg/L (T3) and 5 mg/L (T4) during 30 days of exposure. The fishes were processed for high-resolution optical microscopy. The main finding of Roundup Activo™ exposure was an increase in mast cells number in brain blood vessels and some neuronal nuclei of the preoptic and posterior diencephalic areas, including hypothalamus. A correlation between concentrations and mast cells number was observed, with the largest mast cells number in T4 treatment. Mast cells presence is a stress benchmark, suggesting the beginning of allergic, inflammatory and apoptotic events. Presence of mast cells in these brain areas may lead to alterations on reproduction, visual and olfactory information integration among other processes. These alterations may result in diminished survival, affecting the conservation of this species in its natural habitat.

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Neotropical Ichthyology

Título del artículo:

Thyroid alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s leading non-communicable diseases. It leads to alterations in glucose metabolism due to the low availability of insulin or resistance to its action. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction, mediated by disturbances in the hypothalamus - pituitary - thyroid axis, and reduced deiodinase activity, synergism of mitogenic routes, increased inflammatory status, oxi-dative stress and insulin resistance. The most frequent alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs more frequently in women, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. It is necessary that in clinical practice these implications are taken into account in order to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

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Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension

Título del artículo:

Concordance of the assessment of pubertal development with the tanner scale between adolescents and a trained physician

Objectives. To assess the concordance between self-assessment of pubertal development with the Tanner scale performed by adolescents compared to the assessment performed by a trained physician. Materials and Methods. As part of the SIMAC project, data was collected on 244 adolescents. At baseline, we included an anthropometric and pubertal development assessment, with a self-assessment by the participants. Results. We included 229 teenagers from 12 to 17 years old. The agreement between the self-assessment and the clinical evaluation with the Tanner scale presented an 88.3% agreement and a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.554. The self-assessment in women showed a good agreement (kappaweighted=0.653) and in men a moderate agreement (kappaweighted=0.464). The only variable with a significant influence on the agreement ability was gender; the disagreement probability in males was 63% greater than in females, regardless of age, height, or weight (95% CI: 1,18-2, 26). Conclusions. Self-assessment was not accurate enough to replace medical examination, especially in males. More research is needed on this subject considering the impact that self-assessment of sexual development could have.

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Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

An analysis of the types of innovation capabilities in medium-sized enterprises

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CISCI 2019 - Decima Octava Conferencia Iberoamericana en Sistemas, Cibernetica e Informatica, Decimo Sexto Simposium Iberoamericano en Educacion, Cibernetica e Informatica - Memorias

Título del artículo:

Implementation of a learning platform for the Ninth Grade Mathematics Course at the San Vicente Institution, Colombia

Currently one of the biggest flaws that students face in higher education is the area of mathematics. According to the above, it is proposed through the incorporation of TIC and the implementation of an LMS, to create the first prototype of a virtual course with B-Learning methodology, which provides a pedagogical tool in the ninth grade mathematics course of the San Vicente de Buga Institution( Colombia), looking to improve the educational process of the students.

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Espacios

Título del artículo:

Psychomotor learning in the area of Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports, mediated by the use of educational software

Schools of the digital era are responsible for including Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) within their daily practices. Through the present investigation, a process of incorporation of ICTs in the area of Physical Education, recreation, and sports, is carried out. The main purpose is to use these tools in the academic field, providing solution to the lack of use of ICTs in the school sports field. The Educational Multimedia software «Ludos» was selected for its implementation. This correlational, quantitative study was carried out in the city of Bogotá with a group of 30 fifth-grade students from the «School Paraíso Mirador», with the objective of determining the effectiveness of the mentioned tool in developing psychomotor skills in the selected sample. The results were obtained by a pre-post-test analysis of scores from the Piaget-Head and the Ozeretsky battery tests. The findings confirmed that the use of this software increases psychomotor abilities, which may indicate that it is possible to develop teaching-learning educational processes in the area of physical education by incorporating didactic elements through Technological tools from the digital era.

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Retos

Título del artículo:

Eect of the addition of Moringa Oleifera to fruit drinks on clinical parameters associated with iron deciency anaemia in schoolchildren

Worldwide, iron deciency anaemia (IDA) is one the most signicant nutritional maladies, especially in low and middle-income countries. This is mainly due to the associated morbidity, economic implications on the health system and the welfare state. One of the most prevalent causes of IDA in children is insucient food intake, which has an obvious connection with the social environment. The main strategy in the management of this condition is counteracting such deciency through the improvement of nutrition and family upbringing. Aiming to explore aordable, novel and straightforward approaches to treat this nutritional condition, we developed a descriptive study associated with the incorporation of Moringa Oleifera in homemade fruit beverages delivered to 32 children from low-income families, in order to assess the evolution of IDA, evaluating specic clinical parameters such as red blood cells volume, as well as hemoglobin, ferritin and serum iron levels, within a two months lapse. At the end of this period, we observed a signicant statistical rise in the levels of all the assessed parameters, nding about a 1.3-fold increase in hemoglobin and ferritin levels and in red blood cells volume; serum iron was 1.1 times higher. These ndings are demonstrative of the wide spectrum of the medicinal features of Moringa and establish a promising and accessible strategy easy to incorporate into the diet of families of children suering this pathology.

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Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion

Título del artículo:

Survey of Fasciola hepatica and other gastrointestinal parasitosis in dual-purpose cattle of the Sabana de Torres municipality, Santander, Colombia

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and other gastrointestinal parasites in dual-purpose cattle from the municipality Sabana de Torres, department of Santander, Colombia. Faecal and blood samples (n=196) were collected in 18 dual-purpose farms. The animals were stratified into three age groups: 0- 12, 12-24 and >24 months. Faecal samples were processed by the McMaster and Dennis coprological techniques, and the presence of antibodies anti-F. hepatica was determined by an indirect ELISA test. The genera of the parasites were identified according to the size and morphology of their eggs or infective larvae. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 36.7%, with the highest values for Eimeria sp (19.4%) and Paramphistomum sp (9.2%). The coprological and serological prevalence of F. hepatica was 4.1 and 6.1%, respectively, which reflects that the municipality Sabana de Torres is a hypoendemic zone for F. hepatica. A statistical association (p<0.05) was found between Eimeria sp parasitism and the age group.

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Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru

Título del artículo:

Clinical-pathological study of Equine Sarcoid Fibroblastic: Clinical case report

The case is described in a 6-year-old Colombian Paso Fino equine that presents a recurrent mass of irregular, granulomatous, ulcerative and hemorrhagic appearance in the prepuce and penis region. Surgical resolution of the tumor, histopathological study and postoperative treatment of the equine were performed. The macroscopic characteristics and histological description of the lesions studied showed the presence of a fibroblastic Sarcoid type.

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Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru

Título del artículo:

Demographic study of the population of dogs and cats domiciled in the southeastern sector of Bucaramanga, Colombia

The aim of this investigation was to determine the demographic characteristics of the population of dogs and cats domiciled in the southeaster sector of Bucaramanga, department of Santander (Colombia) in 2016-2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was conducted to pet owners to get information on the species, breed, sex, age, animal vaccinated and dewormed, type of feeding and reason for pet ownership. Results showed that 97.1% of the homes had dogs or cats as pets. The average of dogs and cats per dwelling was 0.67 (227 dogs / 339 dwellings) and 0.30 (102 cats / 339 dwellings), respectively. The person: dog and person: cat ratio was 4.7 and 10.5, respectively. The main reason for the tenure of dogs or cats was the affective (92.1 and 98%, respectively). Furthermore, there was a predominance of male pets over females.

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Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru

Título del artículo:

Structural and functional elements of multi-agent systems for the organizational cooperation in medium-sized companies

The presence of the structural and functional elements of the Multi-Agent systems inside medium-sized companies, identifying the opportunity to strengthen the cooperation links between them. The research is epistemologically based on the school of logical positivism, with quantitative approach, and descriptive type. The sample are forty-four (44) medium-sized companies of the Valledupar municipality, Colombia, with capitals between US$ 1.300.000 and US$ 4.000.000. The results show the presence of the elements and functions of the Multi-Agent systems in the surveyed medium-sized companies. In addition, the presence of organizational cooperation links was demonstrated, especially to the characteristics of extension, intensity, renewal, specialization and adaptability. However, a low presence of the stability characteristic of cooperation links is observed. This represents an opportunity for the development of cooperation capacities, negotiation mechanisms, mutual trust and use of synergies.

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Informacion Tecnologica

Título del artículo:

Effects of a proprioceptive physical exercise program on balance in young skaters aged between 11 to 15 years

Introduction: Having an adequate state of body balance allows the skater to maintain an adequate technique and control in the execution of each sporting gesture, this may limit accessory movements that lead to an inadequate increase in joint stress, which can ultimately impact on the health status and performance of these athletes. Aim: To determine the effects of a proprioceptive physical exercise program on balance in skaters between the ages of 11 and 15 years. Methodology: A experimental study conducted in 58 skaters belonging to the Santander Skating League of Bucaramanga, who were randomized into two groups, one received proprioceptive training (n = 29) and the other group performed a conventional training (n = 29), both were developed for 12 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week and a duration per session of 30 minutes. Results: The dynamic balance assessed with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), showed changes in all directions after the intervention of both groups. In relation to the static balance determined with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) showed positive changes in the experimental group. Conclusions: The proprioceptive training program produces results superior to the conventional one, in terms of the static and dynamic balance of the skaters evaluated.

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Archivos de Medicina del Deporte

Título del artículo:

Factors associated with non-specific low back pain in children aged 10-12 from Bucaramanga, Colombia: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: There are no Colombian studies published that assess non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) risk factors in children. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with NSLBP in 73 children (19.2% girls) aged 10-12 years in one military school in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to obtain information of risk factors. Subsequently, children\'s weight and height were measured. The backpack was weighed at the beginning of each day from Monday to Friday. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated, with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The one-month prevalence of NSLBP was 39.7% (95% CI 28.4-51.9). In the multivariate analysis, carrying backpacks wearing between 12% and 20% of body weight, having a perception that the backpack is very heavy, and being a passive smoker increase the likelihood of NSLBP, while being 11-year-old compared to 10-year-old decreases the likelihood of having NSLBP, adjusted for gender, body mass index, and history of LBP in parents. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of low back pain was found in children between 10 and 12 years old. The study of the decisive factors of low back pain is important to identify children at risk, as well as to develop efficient primary prevention programs.

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Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Título del artículo:

Pilot study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in students of the university institution Colegio Mayor de Antioquia en Medellín y la Universidad de Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia

Antecedents: Metabolic syndrome (Metsyn) is a condition that predisposes an individual to the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Because its prevalence is increasing, it has become a global health problem that must be managed from early prevention and promotion of healthy habits. Objective: this study determined the prevalence of (Metsyn) in a group of young university students from the University Institution Colegio Mayor de Antioquia y la Universidad de Santander. Design and method: the research is descriptive and cross-sectional with a sample of 80 students (16 men and 64 women), between the ages of 17 and 32, apparently healthy. Using the IDF definition for Metsyn, variables such as waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SP, DP), fasting glucose (FG), HDL cholesterol (HDLc) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. For statistical analysis, comparison between groups was performed with the non-parametric measure Mann- Whitney U test, significant level p<0.005 and the statistics program used was SPSS see 24. Results: MetSyn prevalence was found to be 5%, and individual analysis of its components or associated risk factors showed a higher prevalence for high WC and FG (38.89% in each), followed by the decrease of HDLc (27.78%). Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous studies where MetSyn is estimated to be present in young adults according to IDF criteria. Based on this, it is recommended to adopt institutional measures that promote physical activity and healthy eating.

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Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension

Título del artículo:

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS in high school students in cúcuta, north of Santander, Colombia

Objective. Determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices about HIV and AIDS in adolescents. Methods. A correlational field study was conducted in 318 students of 13-21 years of age, between ninth to eleventh grade of two representative Educational Institutions of the city of Cúcuta, by probabilistic sampling. Validated CAP instrument (survey) and sociodemographic evidence were implemented for descriptive and correlational analysis. Results. There was a lack of knowledge about transmission, susceptible population and condom stability in 5-47% of the students, resulting in a low level for the knowledge dimension, in contrast with appropriate attitudes and practices. Conclusions. No association was found between age, sex, social stratum, family type or schooling with the dimensions of knowledge, attitudes or practices, being homogeneous in the sample, which projects it as a model group to contrast in future studies with other populations seeking to identify aspects that can be improved around global prevention strategies of the pandemic.

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Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica

Título del artículo:

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with treatment for tuberculosis in a public hospital in Colombia

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diabetes Mellitus is among the risk factors for the development of Tuberculosis. People with active Tuberculosis and diabetes can be negatively complicated by the results of Tuberculosis treatment, delaying the time of microbiological response which increases the probability of an unfavorable result and the risk of relapse, drug resistance, and death in some cases. Objective. To establish the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and its correlation with risk factors in patients with Tuberculosis who underwent treatment in a public Hospital in Valledupar, Colombia. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in all cases diagnosed with Tuberculosis that underwent treatment in a public Hospital in Valledupar, Colombia. The diagnosis of diabetes was made with the use of a test to measure basal glycemia, the clinical histories of the patients, and surveys. All participants were surveyed for the evaluation of risk factors. Results. Of the 70 patients with Tuberculosis, 8 (11.4%) were diagnosed with DM. It was observed that the age> 40 years (p = 0.030) constitutes a risk factor for the TB-DM binomial; but there was no statistically significant difference with regard to sex, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, HIV, and body mass index (p> 0.05). Conclusions. The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus-Tuberculosis binomial in the Hospital studied corresponds to the figures established by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Medicas

Título del artículo:

Juvenile dermatomyositis: Is a common condition in the pediatric age group?

Dermatomyositis is a rare entity, part of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. It is characterized clinically by proximal symmetric progressive muscle weakness, and a characteristic skin rash. This paper reports the clinical case of a teenager who initiated with prolonged febrile syndrome without apparent focus, she had systemic involvement; we studied the most frequent etiologies ruling out infectious origin. Paraclinical complementary studies found alterations that lead us to the diagnosis of dermatomyositis with physical examination. Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disease that affects the skin and muscle. It is included within the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies or idiopathic myositis, which are a heterogeneous group of muscular diseases of unknown etiology that are characterized by the progressive onset of muscle weakness and inflammation; clinical suspicion and some paraclinical help in the diagnosis, this disease has been related with predisposition to neoplasms.

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Dermatologia Revista Mexicana

Título del artículo:

Prevalence and molecular typing of rotavirus in children with acute diarrhoea in Northeastern Colombia

After the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, the number of rotavirus-associated deaths and the predicted annual rotavirus detection rate had slightly declined worldwide. Taking in account that in Colombia, Rotarix vaccine was introduced in 2009, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of rotavirus A in children under five years who were treated for acute diarrhoea in Bucaramanga, Colombia and, moreover, to determine the genotypes of rotavirus present in those children. We performed an analytical cross-sectional study of rotavirus A in faecal samples from children up to five years of age. Stool samples were screened for rotavirus A using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay and confirmed using a VP6 sandwich ELISA. Genotyping of rotavirus A-positive samples was performed by PCR and sequencing of VP7 and VP4 genes. The overall prevalence of rotavirus was 30.53% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2 - 39.7). Most of the children with rotavirus (86.2%) had received two doses of the rotavirus vaccine. G3 strains accounted for the vast majority of cases (82.8%), followed by G12 strains (13.8%) and G3/G9 coinfections (3.4%). Among the P genotypes, P[8] was the most prevalent (69%), followed by P[9] (31%). The most common G[P] genotype combination was G3P[8], followed by G3P[9]. The main finding in this study was that rotavirus, in a Colombian region, is still an important pathogen in children under five years old, previously vaccinated. The results showed that different factors, such as kindergarten attendance, could explain the epidemiology and transmission of rotavirus in Bucaramanga.

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Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo

Título del artículo:

Seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia

Aim: The research was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia. Materials and Methods: The seroprevalence study was done from the random sampling (n=1000) of blood collected from 29 dual-purpose herds, located in three municipalities (Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria) of Cesar department. The presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V) in the samples was detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Epidemiological data were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the owner or manager of each herd. Results: The overall highest seroprevalence was observed for BHV-1 (94.7%), followed by BRSV (98.6%), BVDV (35.2%), and BPI-3V (47.1%). Regarding the seroprevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) for BVDV; however, for BRSV, BHV-1, and BPI-3V, no statistical association was found (p>0.05) between seropositive values and the municipalities, indicating that animal was seropositive in similar proportions in the three municipalities. Female sex and older animals (>24 months) were a significant risk factor for BHV-1 and BPI-3V infection. Regarding the clinical signs, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) between the seropositive values of BVDV and most of clinical signs observed, except for abortion. Conclusion: This research confirms the high seroprevalence of the respiratory viral pathogens in nonvaccinated cattle within the study areas. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the seroprevalence of these infectious agents.

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Veterinary World

Título del artículo:

High rates of exposures to waterborne pathogens in indigenous communities in the amazon region of Ecuador

Waterborne pathogens, associated with poverty and poor sanitary conditions, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are limited data on the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens in indigenous populations living in the Amazon region. We did a cross-sectional survey in two indigenous Shuar communities in the Amazon region of Ecuador in which we documented the presence of pathogens representing different sources of environmental contamination of water. We detected protozoa and soil-transmitted helminths by microscopy of fecal samples and the presence of IgG antibodies to hepatitis A and Leptospira spp. in blood samples from individuals older than 2 years and collected data by questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and knowledge of infectious diseases. Seroprevalence for hepatitis A and Leptospira spp. were 98.1% (95% CI: 97.0-99.8) and 50.0% (95% CI: 43.3-56.6), respectively, whereas 62.6% (95% CI: 55.8-69.4) had enteric parasites in stool samples. In participants older than 6 years, eight of 10 had evidence of infection with or exposure to at least one of the pathogens studied. Although prevalence of pathogens varied by age, it did not vary significantly by gender, temporal migration, illiteracy, perceived morbidity, receipt of conditional cash transfers, water boiling practices, poor housing conditions, and anthropometric status. These findings indicate a high level of contamination of drinking water by human pathogens in these indigenous communities and the need for interventions to improve access to and use of clean drinking water in these marginalized communities.

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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Título del artículo:

Activities for Organizational Learning in Medium-size Companies

The paper aims to analyze the activities for organizational learning in medium-size companies. This paper studies the activities of knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation. The research considers a descriptive approach, of field type, and not experimental form. A data collection questionnaire was applied to 44 medium-sized companies in Valledupar, Colombia. The results highlight the strong presence of activities about knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation in the companies analyzed. Additionally, the results indicate the absence of statistical differences in the development of these activities inside the companies analyzed in this work.

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Informacion Tecnologica

Título del artículo:

Scorpion venom: New promise in the treatment of cancer

Cancer is a public health problem due to its high worldwide morbimortality. Current treatment protocols do not guarantee complete remission, which has prompted to search for new and more effective antitumoral compounds. Several substances exhibiting cytostatic and cytotoxic effects over cancer cells might contribute to the treatment of this pathology. Some studies indicate the presence of such substances in scorpion venom. In this review, we report characteristics of the principal scorpion venom components found in recent literature and their potential activity against tumor cells. There are different toxin groups present in the venom, and it seems that their mode of actions involves ionic channel blocking, disruption of the cell membrane integrity and damage to internal cell organelles. These properties make good prospects for studies on drugs and adjuvants in cancer treatment.

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Acta Biologica Colombiana

Título del artículo:

Enkephalins and ACTH in the mammalian nervous system

The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin belong to the opioid family of peptides, and the non-opiate peptide adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) to the melanocortin peptide family. Enkephalins/ACTH are derived from pro-enkephalin, pro-dynorphin or pro-opiomelanocortin precursors and, via opioid and melanocortin receptors, are responsible for many biological activities. Enkephalins exhibit the highest affinity for the δ receptor, followed by the μ and κ receptors, whereas ACTH binds to the five subtypes of melanocortin receptor, and is the only member of the melanocortin family of peptides that binds to the melanocortin-receptor 2 (ACTH receptor). Enkephalins/ACTH and their receptors exhibit a widespread anatomical distribution. Enkephalins are involved in analgesia, angiogenesis, blood pressure, embryonic development, emotional behavior, feeding, hypoxia, limbic system modulation, neuroprotection, peristalsis, and wound repair; as well as in hepatoprotective, motor, neuroendocrine and respiratory mechanisms. ACTH plays a role in acetylcholine release, aggressive behavior, blood pressure, bone maintenance, hyperalgesia, feeding, fever, grooming, learning, lipolysis, memory, nerve injury repair, neuroprotection, sexual behavior, sleep, social behavior, tissue growth and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids. Enkephalins/ACTH are also involved in many pathologies. Enkephalins are implicated in alcoholism, cancer, colitis, depression, heart failure, Huntington\'s disease, influenza A virus infection, ischemia, multiple sclerosis, and stress. ACTH plays a role in Addison\'s disease, alcoholism, cancer, Cushing\'s disease, dermatitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, Graves\' disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, podocytopathies, and stress. In this review, we provide an updated description of the enkephalinergic and ACTH systems.

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Vitamins and Hormones

Título del artículo:

Study of the energy use of biosolids from a chicken slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant

The poultry industry in Colombia faces operational and environmental challenges, one of these is the integration of residual biosolids in other processes, which may generate a direct or indirect benefit within their production. This study shows the results obtained in the anaerobic treatment of the residual biosolid of the wastewater treatment plant of a chicken slaughtering plant; This biosolid is the result of the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation process with ferric chloride, as main coagulant and possible flocculating substances in the process. The anaerobic treatment of biosolids is carried out in a CSTR bioreactor, with a capacity of 10 litres, inside the bioreactor the system is started, and different variables are monitored, such as pH, volatile fatty acids, alkalinity, sulphates, chlorides and chemical oxygen demand, which will determine the transformations of organic matter within the bioreactor, additionally biogas measurements resulting from anaerobic digestion are made, the gases analysed are methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide and oxygen, which determine the quality of the biogas produced, together with the volume produced of biogas with respect to the volume of biosolids deposited in the bioreactor. This seeks to determine the productive capacity of the biosolids, to be stabilized and exploited energetically, considering that biogas is a usable biofuel and the resulting biosolid is a good raw material to produce organic fertilizers, destined to the agricultural production of animal feed.

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Chemical Engineering Transactions

Título del artículo:

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii among donors in a blood bank in Cúcuta, Colombia

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infection affects humans by producing several states of disease according to individual immunity ranging from asymptomatic carriers to severe disease. It is known that multiple mechanisms of transmission are possible including blood transfusions as an alternate route of infection. Little is known about the frequency of T. gondii infection in Colombia\'s blood banks. Objective: To determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in blood donors of a blood bank of Cúcuta by serological and molecular diagnostic. Materials and methods: IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were determined in serum by immunoassay test from 348 donors. The frequency of T. gondii DNA was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR) in whole blood from seropositive donors and interest variables were analyzed with information obtained from surveys during blood donor selection. Results: 134 out of 348 (38.5%) enrolled donors showed IgG antibodies against T. gondii; 2 of them (0.6%) had both IgG and IgM and in 2 out of 134 seropositive donors (1.5%) DNA of the parasite was detected in blood. A bivariate analysis indicated an association between seropositivity to T. gondii and being over 26 years of age (p= 0.020). Conclusions: The prevalence of T. gondii infection found in the blood donors of this study, suggests a significant exposure to the infectious agent that becomes relevant when parasitaemia is detected.

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Biomedica