Título del artículo:

Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with blood pressure

BACKGROUND: Higher levels of sodium intake are reported to be associated with higher blood pressure. Whether this relationship varies according to levels of sodium or potassium intake and in different populations is unknown. METHODS: We studied 102,216 adults from 18 countries. Estimates of 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion were made from a single fasting morning urine specimen and were used as surrogates for intake. We assessed the relationship between electrolyte excretion and blood pressure, as measured with an automated device. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed increments of 2.11 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 0.78 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure for each 1-g increment in estimated sodium excretion. The slope of this association was steeper with higher sodium intake (an increment of 2.58 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure per gram for sodium excretion >5 g per day, 1.74 mm Hg per gram for 3 to 5 g per day, and 0.74 mm Hg per gram for <3 g per day; P<0.001 for interaction). The slope of association was steeper for persons with hypertension (2.49 mm Hg per gram) than for those without hypertension (1.30 mm Hg per gram, P<0.001 for interaction) and was steeper with increased age (2.97 mm Hg per gram at >55 years of age, 2.43 mm Hg per gram at 45 to 55 years of age, and 1.96 mm Hg per gram at <45 years of age; P<0.001 for interaction). Potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure, with a steeper slope of association for persons with hypertension than for those without it (P<0.001) and a steeper slope with increased age (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the association of estimated intake of sodium and potassium, as determined from measurements of excretion of these cations, with blood pressure was nonlinear and was most pronounced in persons consuming high-sodium diets, persons with hypertension, and older persons. Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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New England Journal of Medicine

Título del artículo:

Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events

BACKGROUND: The optimal range of sodium intake for cardiovascular health is controversial. METHODS: We obtained morning fasting urine samples from 101,945 persons in 17 countries and estimated 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion (used as a surrogate for intake). We examined the association between estimated urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the composite outcome of death and major cardiovascular events. RESULTS: The mean estimated sodium and potassium excretion was 4.93 g per day and 2.12 g per day, respectively. With a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, the composite outcome occurred in 3317 participants (3.3%). As compared with an estimated sodium excretion of 4.00 to 5.99 g per day (reference range), a higher estimated sodium excretion (≥7.00 g per day) was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.30), as well as increased risks of death and major cardiovascular events considered separately. The association between a high estimated sodium excretion and the composite outcome was strongest among participants with hypertension (P=0.02 for interaction), with an increased risk at an estimated sodium excretion of 6.00 g or more per day. As compared with the reference range, an estimated sodium excretion that was below 3.00 g per day was also associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.44). As compared with an estimated potassium excretion that was less than 1.50 g per day, higher potassium excretion was associated with a reduced risk of the composite outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this study in which sodium intake was estimated on the basis of measured urinary excretion, an estimated sodium intake between 3 g per day and 6 g per day was associated with a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events than was either a higher or lower estimated level of intake. As compared with an estimated potassium excretion that was less than 1.50 g per day, higher potassium excretion was associated with a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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New England Journal of Medicine

Título del artículo:

Association of handgrip strength to cardiovascular mortality in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: A subanalysis of the ORIGIN trial

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International Journal of Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Athletic performance and birth month: Is the relative age effect more than just selection bias?

The aim of this study was to determine if month of birth affects performance in 3 tests of physical function in children and adolescents. We measured cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength and lower-body power expressed them relative to (whole year) age then compared scores between calendar year birth-months. We also expressed test performance as the likelihood of achieving criterion-referenced fitness standards. There were significant main effects of birth-month for cardiorespiratory fitness (F=4.54, p<0.001), strength (F=6.81, p<0.001) and power (F=3.67, p<0.001). Children born in November were fitter and more powerful than those born at other times, particularly the summer months (April, May and June). October-born children were stronger than those born in all months except September and November. This relationship was evident despite controlling for decimal age and despite no significant inter-month differences in anthropometric characteristics. There is a clear physical advantage for those born in the autumn and this may explain some of the bias in sports selection attributed to the relative age effect, particularly when the British school-year (September) cut-off is used.

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International Journal of Sports Medicine

Título del artículo:

The lateralized smell test for detecting Alzheimer\'s disease: Failure to replicate

Objectives A widely publicized study by Stamps, Bartoshuk and Heilman (2013) reported that a simple measure of left:right naris differences in the ability to detect the odor of peanut butter is a sensitive marker of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). AD patients were said to have abnormal smell function on the left side of the nose and normal function on right side of the nose. In light of its implications for medical practice and the world-wide publicity that it engendered, we sought to replicate and expand this work. Methods Two studies were performed. In the first, 15 AD patients were tested according to the procedures described by Stamps et al. in which the nostril contralateral to the tested side was occluded by the patient using lateral pressure from the index finger. Since this can potentially distort the contralateral naris, we repeated the testing using tape for naris occlusion. In the second, 20 AD patients were administered 20 odors of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to each side of the nose, with the contralateral naris being closed with tape. In both studies, the order of the side of testing was systematically counterbalanced. Results No evidence of a left:right asymmetry on any test measure was observed. Conclusion Although hyposmia is well-established in AD, no meaningful asymmetry in smell perception is apparent. If olfactory function on the right side of the nose was normal as claimed, then AD patients should exhibit normal function when tested bilaterally, a phenomenon not seen in dozens of AD-related olfactory studies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Journal of the Neurological Sciences

Título del artículo:

Low muscle strength is associated with metabolic risk factors in Colombian children: The ACFIES study

Purpose: In youth, poor cardiorespiratory and muscular strength are associated with elevated metabolic risk factors. However, studies examining associations between strength and risk factors have been done exclusively in high income countries, and largely in Caucasian cohorts. The aim of this study was to assess these interactions in schoolchildren in Colombia, a middle income Latin American country. Methods: We measured body mass index, body composition, handgrip strength (HG), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic risk factors in 669 low-middle socioeconomic status Colombian schoolchildren (mean age 11.52±1.13, 47% female). Associations between HG, CRF and metabolic risk factors were evaluated. Results: HG and CRF were inversely associated with blood pressure, HOMA index and a composite metabolic risk score (p<0.001 for all) and HG was also inversely associated with triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) (both p<0.05). Associations between HG and risk factors were marginally weakened after adjusting for CRF, while associations between CRF and these factors were substantially weakened after adjusting for HG. Linear regression analyses showed inverse associations between HG and systolic BP (β = -0.101; p = 0.047), diastolic BP (β = -0.241; p> = 0.001), HOMA (β = -0.164; p = 0.005), triglycerides (β = -0.583; p = 0.026) and CRP (β = -0.183; p = 0.037) but not glucose (p = 0.698) or HDL cholesterol (p = 0.132). The odds ratios for having clustered risk in the weakest quartile compared with the strongest quartile were 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.81-4.95). Conclusions: In Colombian schoolchildren both poorer handgrip strength/kg body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with a worse metabolic risk profile. Associations were stronger and more consistent between handgrip and risk factors than between cardiorespiratory fitness and these risk factors. Our findings indicate the addition of handgrip dynamometry to non-invasive youth health surveillance programs would improve the accuracy of the assessment of cardiometabolic health. © 2014 Cohen et al.

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PLoS ONE

Título del artículo:

The association between ownership of common household devices and obesity and diabetes in high, middle and low income countries

Background: Household devices (e.g., television, car, computer) are common in high income countries, and their use has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that device ownership is associated with obesity and diabetes and that these effects are explained through reduced physical activity, increased sitting time and increased energy intake. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study involving 153 996 adults from high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries. We used multilevel regression models to account for clustering at the community and country levels. Results: Ownership of a household device increased from low to high income countries (4% to 83% for all 3 devices) and was associated with decreased physical activity and increased sitting, dietary energy intake, body mass index and waist circumference. There was an increased odds of obesity and diabetes with the ownership of any 1 household device compared to no device ownership (obesity: odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.55; diabetes: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.50). Ownership of a second device increased the odds further but ownership of a third device did not. Subsequent adjustment for lifestyle factors modestly attenuated these associations. Of the 3 devices, ownership of a television had the strongest association with obesity (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29- 1.49) and diabetes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.23-1.44). When stratified by country income level, the odds of obesity and diabetes when owning all 3 devices was greatest in low income countries (obesity: OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.33-4.25; diabetes: OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.53-2.53) and decreased through country income levels such that we did not detect an association in high income countries. Interpretation: The ownership of household devices increased the likelihood of obesity and diabetes, and this was mediated in part by effects on physical activity, sitting time and dietary energy intake. With increasing ownership of household devices in developing countries, societal interventions are needed to mitigate their effects on poor health. © 2014 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.

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CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal

Título del artículo:

A new PCR-RFLP for species-specific diagnosis of south American animal trypanosomiasis

The diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis in field samples is currently based on clinical suspicion and less frequently on traditional parasitological methods characterized by their very low sensitivity, especially in the sub-acute and chronic phase of the infection. Molecular tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction have been shown to reach the highest sensitivity percentages, but without good resolution for all of the South American circulating species (T. vivax, T. evansi and T. theileri) or with specificity for only one of these species. In this study, a new PCR-RFLP for species-specific diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis is presented. This method displayed good resolution, sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of the three aforementioned species identified from naturally infected Colombian bovines and water buffaloes. In addition, epidemiological and clinical data were also collected and analyzed from the sampled animals and significant associations were identified. © 2014 Science Publication.

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American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Título del artículo:

Higher household income and the availability of electronic devices and transport at home are associated with higher waist circumference in Colombian children: The ACFIES study

Background: The current \"epidemic\" of childhood obesity is described as being driven by modern lifestyles with associated socioeconomic and environmental changes that modify dietary habits, discourage physical activity and encourage sedentary behaviors. Objective: To evaluate the association between household income and the availability of electronic devices and transport at home, and the values of waist circumference (WC), as an indicator of abdominal obesity, in children and adolescents from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study of public elementary and high school population, of low-middle socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 668 schoolchildren were recruited. After adjusting for potential confounders, significant positive associations between waist circumference and higher household income (p = 0.011), and waist circumference and the availability of electronic devices and transport at home (p = 0.026) were found. Conclusions: In low-middle socioeconomic status schoolchildren in a developing country, those from relatively more affluent families had greater waist circumference, an association that is opposite to that observed in developed countries. This finding could be related to higher income family\'s ability to purchase electronic devices and motorized transport which discourage physical activity and for their children to buy desirable and more costly western fast food. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Título del artículo:

Prediabetes and diabetes prevention initiatives in Latin America (LA)

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Global Health Perspectives in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention

Título del artículo:

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

The metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance and adiposity as its central features. Identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome is important due to its association with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Attention has focused on the visceral adipose tissue production of cytokines (adipokines) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as the levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin are decreased, while proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, creating a proinflammatory state associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will give special attention to the role of the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We have previously demonstrated that in individuals with severe coronary artery disease, abdominal obesity was uniquely related to decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin and increased leptin levels. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance was associated with increased waist circumference and a decreased vascular response to acetylcholine and increased vasoconstriction due to angiotensin II. Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Leptin upregulates proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6; these are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the expression and release of a number of proinflammatory immune mediators. Therefore, it appears that interactions between angiotensin II and leptin/adiponectin imbalance may be important mediators of the elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with abdominal obesity.

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Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

Título del artículo:

Fundamentals and clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychiatry

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method for stimulation of brain that is based on the ability of a generated magnetic field to penetrate skull and brain meninges, inducing an electric current in the brain tissues that produces neuronal depolarization. TMS can be applied as single pulse of stimulation, pairs of stimuli separated by variable intervals to the same or different brain areas, or as trains of repetitive stimuli at various frequencies. Its mechanism of action is currently unknown. Repetitive TMS can modify the excitability of the cerebral cortex, and has been postulated as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the area of neuropsychiatry. The aim of this article is to review the knowledge of the TMS as regards its basic principles, pathophysiological mechanism, and its usefulness in clinical practice. © 2013 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatr?a. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

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Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Título del artículo:

Association between nutritional status and physical abilities in children aged 6 to 18 years in Medellin (Colombia)

Introduction Nutritional disorders in childhood may cause a decline in motor abilities and increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Objective To assess the association between nutritional status and motor abilities. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed that included 12,872 children aged between 6 and 18 years who underwent a clinical evaluation and various physical tests. Results Among the children, 66% had a Tanner maturation stage 1 and 2, 6% were under-nourished, and 12.2% were at risk of overweight and obesity. The obese children had a decrease in aerobic power (in 2.72 mL O2 kg^-1·min^-1; 95% CI: 1.89 to 3.56; P <.001), speed (0.14 m·sec; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.22; P <.001), explosive strength (0.10 m; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.13; P <.001), agility, strength endurance and balance. Under-nourished children showed a decrease in speed (0.13 m·sec; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.20; P <.001), explosive strength (0.04 m; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0 07; P <.004), and strength endurance. Conclusions There was an association between nutritional status and motor abilities in the children included in this study. Obese children showed the worst results in physical tests, and the under-nourished ones showed a decrease in speed, explosive strength and strength endurance.

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Anales de Pediatria

Título del artículo:

Pain and physical modalities: A new paradigm in physiotherapy

Physical modalities are all the tools that the therapist has to intervene with curative intent; however, the increase of scientific publications has led to a need to know the effectiveness of these modalities for the treatment of pain. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader updated, referenced and evidenced on pain knowledge and clinical application of physical modalities for treatment. A search for the best available evidence was conducted to try to answer the research question, which is based on the paradigm that entails the application of physical modalities most used (Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Laser therapy and electrotherapy). So far the number of clinical trials and systematic reviews to support the use of physical modalities for pain management is very limited, plus the low methodological quality of the available trials. Many of the underpinnings of the use of physical modalities are accompanied by diffuse physiological basis and scientific support demonstrations in vitro but not in vivo. To this is added a limited amount of information about the parameters that apply to pain management so it is not possible to draw conclusions on the recommendation of the clinical application of all physical modalities tested for pain management.

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Salud Uninorte

Título del artículo:

Highly nutritional cookies based on a novel beancassava-wheat flour mix formulation

Nutritional deficiencies are common among children in Colombia, and innovative strategies and supplements are needed in order to effectively address this problem. For example, in Colombia, when measured as ferritin, iron deposits are deficient in 58.2% of children between two and eight years of age. If a formulation is made with highly nutritional ingredients, cookies will have the potential to be used as supplements in children’s diets because of their simple manufacturing process, long shelf life, and high acceptability. This study aimed to develop biofortified cookies, based on a bean-cassava-wheat flour mix, for children. The methodology grouped several studies in order to define the best treatment for the production of bean flour and the flour mix to produce cookies, prioritizing the nutritional content and the microbiological and sensorial quality. A production procedure for bean-based flour, suitable for the production of cookies with adequate nutritional, sensorial and microbiological characteristics was obtained. Additionally, the rheological characteristics of the proposed flour mixes permitted other possible uses for the bread-making industry, substituting cereal flours with flours with higher micronutrient contents. However, further studies are needed to determine the nutritional effects of the regular ingestion of biofortified cookies on children.

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Agronomia Colombiana

Título del artículo:

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic osteomyelitis of the knee

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) associated with chronic inflammation is a recently adopted category of DLBCL, which describes an aggressive B-cell lymphoma raised in the setting of non-immune chronic inflammation. Primary presentation of this subtype of DLBCL in bone is extremely rare. Here, we present the case of a 27. year old woman with DLBCL of the right distal femur, identified after a three-year history of chronic osteomyelitis. In this report, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features of this unusual presentation of DLBCL and discuss aspects relevant to diagnosis and treatment of this entity.

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Knee

Título del artículo:

Results from Colombia\'s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Background: Physical activity (PA) is central to the global agenda for the prevention on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Although 80% of NCDs occur in low-To-middle-income countries, the evidence on PA comes mainly from high-income countries In this context, the report card for Colombia is an advocacy tool to help in the translation of evidence into concrete actions The aims of this paper were two-fold: To present the methodology used to develop the first Report Card on Physical Activit in Colombian Children and Youth and to summarize the results. Methods: Twelve indicators of PA were graded using numerica grades (5, highest, to 1, lowest) based on data from national surveys and policy documents. Results: National policy an obesity indicators were graded \"4,\" while departmental policy and overweight indicators were graded \"3.\" Overall PA levels sports participation, sedentary behaviors and nongovernment initiatives were graded \"2,\" and school influence was graded \"1. Active transportation, active play, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and family and community influence received an incomplete Conclusion: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth. Although the prevalenc of obesity in Colombia is lower compared with other Latin American countries, it is increasing. A rich legal framework an availability of institutional arrangements provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice tha need to be evaluated.

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Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Título del artículo:

Association between habitual school travel and muscular fitness in youth

Objective: To determine whether active school travel is associated with muscular fitness, which is an emerging marker of youth health. Methods: Handgrip strength, vertical jump and vertical jump peak power were measured in n=6829 English schoolchildren (53% males, age 12.9 ± 1.2. years) between 2007 and 2011. Participants were grouped according to self-reported habitual school travel modality. Results: Cyclists had greater handgrip strength than passive travelers. Vertical jump height was greater in walkers and cyclists compared with passive travelers. Jump peak power was also higher in walkers than in the passive travel group. Compared with passive travelers, cyclists had a higher (age, sex and BMI-adjusted) likelihood of good handgrip strength (OR 1.42, 95%CI;1.14-1.76) and walkers were more likely to have good measures for vertical jump peak power (OR 1.14, 95%CI;1.00-1.29). Cyclists\' likelihood of having good handgrip strength remained significantly higher when adjusted for physical activity (OR 1.29, 95%CI;1.08-1.46). Conclusion: Muscular fitness differs according to school travel habits. Cycling is independently associated with better handgrip strength perhaps due to the physical demands of the activity. Better muscular fitness may provide another health-related reason to encourage active school travel. © 2014.

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Preventive Medicine

Título del artículo:

Mixed primary prostatic carcinoma with acinar, neuroendocrine and ductal components

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Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia

Título del artículo:

Primary intraocular inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with anaplastic lymphoma kinase overexpression

The human eye can be compromised by a variated spectrum of neoplasms and reactive processes. Here we present a rare case of a primary intraocular inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) dependent on the sclera and choroid in a 31-year-old female. The knowledge surrounding IMTs, previously included in the category of inflammatory pseudotumors, has undergone dynamic changes in the past two decades. Here we review the characteristics of these tumors in the human eye and in the surrounding structures, and we describe the recent advances that allow molecular characterization of the neoplastic nature of this entity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.

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International Ophthalmology

Título del artículo:

An efficient and new protocol for phosphine-free Suzuki coupling reaction using palladium-encapsulated and air-stable MIDA boronates in an aqueous medium

A simple methodology that uses a system based on polyurea microencapsulated palladium (PdEnCat 30™) and aryl or (2-pyridyl) MIDA boronates for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of (hetero)aryl halides in water-alcohol under phosphine-free conditions was developed. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.

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RSC Advances

Título del artículo:

Reproducibility of a test for the functional evaluation of dynamic balance and agility in elderly people

Background: The 8 foot up & go test assesses the dynamic balance and agility in elderly people. Its reproducibility has been evaluated in American population, but it is unknown whether it would work similarly in a different population like the Colombian. Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and agreement level of the 8 foot up & go test in a sample of older adults from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and methods: An evaluation of diagnostic tests was done in 114 elderly individuals. In the analysis, we assessed the test-retest reliability of the 8 foot up & go test by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 2.1) with their respective confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI). The agreement level was established by the Bland-Altman method. Results: The test-retest reliability of the 8 foot up & go test was very good (ICC: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.98- 0.99). The agreement was good in females (mean difference [MD] = 0.04 seconds and limits of agreement [LA]: -1.27; 1.36 seconds), and in elderly institutionalized (MD = 0.04 seconds [LA]: -3.18; 3.27 seconds). Conclusion: The 8 foot up & go test has very good reliability and good agreement in Colombian local elderly population.

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

Neuroradiology and histopathology in two cases of adult medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common central nervous system neoplasm in children and only rarely presents in the adult population. Recent molecular biology findings have characterized MB as a heterogeneous neoplasm distinguished by well-defined tumour subsets each with specific histologic and molecular features. Available immunohistochemical stains can now be used to differentiate the distinct molecular types of MB. This report analyzed the histopathologic and neuroradiologic features of two new cases of adult MB. Imaging studies in these patients revealed the morphological appearance of high-grade, well-circumscribed heterogeneous tumours with necrosis, located laterally within the posterior cranial fossa. Histopathology of resected samples demonstrated high-grade tumours (WHO grade IV) containing sheets of undifferentiated neural cells with high mitotic activity and evidence of necrosis. The histopathologic and molecular characteristics of these cases of MB are reviewed for potential applications in new molecular methods of imaging.

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Neuroradiology Journal

Título del artículo:

Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and co-morbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is a useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations. © ABE&M todos os direitos reservados.

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Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia

Título del artículo:

Feature extraction for nonintrusive load monitoring based on S-Transform

The electric energy demand is dramatically growing worldwide and demand reduction emerges as an outstanding strategy; it implies detailed information about the electricity consumption, namely load disaggregation. Typical automatic methods for load disaggregation require high hardware efforts to install one sensor per appliance, whereas Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) systems diminish the hardware efforts through signal processing and mathematical modeling. One approach to NILM systems is to model the load signatures via artificial intelligence. This paper proposes to employ S-Transform for the feature extraction stage and Support Vector Machines for the pattern recognition problem. Several experiments are presented and the results of the feature extraction with S-Transform and Wavelet Packet Transform are compared. Thus promising feature vectors based on S-Transform are presented with similar or superior performance than the approach based on Wavelet Packet Transform. © 2014 IEEE.

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2014 Clemson University Power Systems Conference, PSC 2014