Título del artículo:

Comparing the identification of sites with high risk of landslides using isohyets of precipitation vs alterations of rainfall by La Niña in Santander Colombia

Extreme meteorological events associated with climate change are a real issue and have important impact over the economy of infrastructure sector, including highways, hydrocarbon transport by pipelines, mines, etc., because saturation of soils by water can produce landslides and it could produce the fracture of pipelines or other kind of tangible assets. For example, an assessment of historical geotechnical failures in Ecopetrol (Colombian Oil Company) vs. extreme meteorological events shows that during La Niña (extreme rainfall period) geotechnical failures are three times greater. This work shows a method to identify places of risk by extreme meteorological events, mainly La Niña phenomenon, with focus in most probably alteration of rainfall. Our results illustrate the hot spots where there is a high probability of slight excess (120-160% of average rainfall) and high excess (>160%) of average rainfall. The results were intersected in a GIS with pipelines and mass movement risk maps to identify the places of high risk along Santander region.

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ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference, IPG 2015

Título del artículo:

Competence for home health care in colombian people with chronic ilness and their caregivers

Background. The competence for home health care is part of the fundamental features required when taking care of people with chronic disease. It is described as the ability, the skill and the preparation the user or their family caregiver possesses in order to perform the work of caring. Objective. To describe and compare the competence for home health care in Colombian people with chronic illness and their family caregivers in the different regions of Colombia. Materials and Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study conducted between 2012 and 2014 in the five geographical regions of Colombia. The sample consists of 2231 participants including people with chronic illness and family caregivers. The measurement instruments used were the Survey for the characterization of the caring Dyad patient - family caregiver GCPC-UN-D, and the Home health care competence instrument “GCPCUN- CPC”, both in its patient and family caregiver versions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the home health care competence. For comparison of the groups nonparametric tests for independent samples were used. Results. People with chronic illness and their family caregivers have heterogeneous levels of home health caring competence in the different regions of Colombia. In both cases the higher levels are found in the Amazon region, while the lowest are found in the Pacific region. These levels of home health care competence are far away from the required ones to ensure quality and safety in the care of these patients. Conclusion. The indicators for the evaluation of home health care competence must address patients and their family caregiver as well as the health human talent, health institutions and the Social Security System in order to understand in a better way and change the current vulnerability in home health care practices in the country.

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Revista Facultad de Medicina

Título del artículo:

Corrigendum to \"A new neurometric dissection of the area-under-curve-associated jiggle of the motor evoked potential induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation\" [Physiol. Behav. (141), (2015) 111-119] DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.014

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Physiology and Behavior

Título del artículo:

Characteristics of growth, carcass and meat quality of sheep with different feed efficiency phenotypes

The objective was to evaluate the performance, carcass and meat quality of 40 lambs classified by RFI (residual feed intake) and RIG (residual intake and gain). Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded to calculate the RFI and RIG, classified as efficient, moderately or inefficient. After the confinement period, they were slaughtered and the carcass and meat quality were determined. The efficient animals had DMI scores of 0.700 RFI and 0.400 kg/d RIG, lower than the inefficient ones with similar weight gain. The RFI efficient animals showed greater shear force, without effect in the RIG classification. In general, the variables analyzed were not influenced by RFI or RIG. Efficiency measures do not affect the carcass and meat quality of sheep, but they do have the advantage of identifying animals with lower feed consumption, making the system more efficient. However, as the dataset is limited to fully assess the effects, this manuscript can be used as preliminary results for future studies.

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Meat Science

Título del artículo:

Optogenetic inactivation of the medial septum impairs long-term object recognition memory formation

Theta is one of the most prominent extracellular synchronous oscillations in the mammalian brain. Hippocampal theta relies on an intact medial septum (MS) and has been consistently recorded during the training phase of some learning paradigms, suggesting that it may be implicated in hippocampus-dependent long-term memory processing. Object recognition memory (ORM) allows animals to identify familiar items and is essential for remembering facts and events. In rodents, long-term ORM formation requires a functional hippocampus but the involvement of the MS in this process remains controversial. We found that training adult male Wistar rats in a long-term ORM-inducing learning task involving exposure to two different, but behaviorally equivalent novel stimuli objects increased hippocampal theta power, and that suppressing theta via optogenetic MS inactivation caused amnesia. Importantly, the amnesia was specific to the object the animals were exploring when the MS was inactivated. Taken together, our results indicate that the MS is necessary for long-term ORM formation and suggest that hippocampal theta activity is causally linked to this process.

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Molecular Brain

Título del artículo:

Author Correction: Contributing factors for acute stress in healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (8496), 10.1038/s41598-022-12626-2)

The Funding section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. \"This study was supported by PROMETEO/2021/061 grant (Generalitat Valenciana, 2021). J.M.D., R.P., P.S., I.C., E.G.E., M.G., and J.J.M. were supported by The European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST [Grant Number CA19113].\" now reads: \"This study was supported by Generalitat Valenciana, 2021. CONV. UMH-GVA REF. SOLCIF 2020/0005. (Cód. Sub. 11-134-4-2021-0068). J.M.D., R.P., P.S., I.C., E.G.E., M.G., and J.J.M. were supported by The European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST [Grant Number CA19113].\" The original Article has been corrected.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

Contributing factors for acute stress in healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador

This study analyzed the frequency and intensity of acute stress among health professionals caring for COVID-19 patients in four Latin American Spanish-speaking countries during the outbreak. A cross-sectional study involved a non-probability sample of healthcare professionals in four Latin American countries. Participants from each country were invited using a platform and mobile application designed for this study. Hospital and primary care workers from different services caring for COVID-19 patients were included. The EASE Scale (SARS-CoV-2 Emotional Overload Scale, in Spanish named Escala Auto-aplicada de Sobrecarga Emocional) was a previously validated measure of acute stress. EASE scores were described overall by age, sex, work area, and experience of being ill with COVID-19. Using the Mann–Whitney U test, the EASE scores were compared according to the most critical moments of the pandemic. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to investigate associations between these factors and the outcome ‘acute stress’. Finally, the Kruskal–Wallis was used to compare EASE scores and the experience of being ill. A total of 1372 professionals responded to all the items in the EASE scale: 375 (27.3%) Argentines, 365 (26.6%) Colombians, 345 (25.1%) Chileans, 209 (15.2%) Ecuadorians, and 78 (5.7%) from other countries. 27% of providers suffered middle-higher acute stress due to the outbreak. Worse results were observed in moments of peak incidence of cases (14.3 ± 5.3 vs. 6.9 ± 1.7, p < 0.05). Higher scores were found in professionals in COVID-19 critical care (13 ± 1.2) than those in non-COVID-19 areas (10.7 ± 1.9) (p = 0.03). Distress was higher among professionals who were COVID-19 patients (11.7 ± 1) or had doubts about their potential infection (12 ± 1.2) compared to those not infected (9.5 ± 0.7) (p = 0.001). Around one-third of the professionals experienced acute stress, increasing in intensity as the incidence of COVID-19 increased and as they became infected or in doubt whether they were infected. EASE scale could be a valuable asset for monitoring acute stress levels among health professionals in Latin America. ClinicalTrials: NCT04486404.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

A database of common vampire bat reports

The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) is a sanguivorous (i.e., blood-eating) bat species distributed in the Americas from northern Mexico southwards to central Chile and Argentina. Desmodus rotundus is one of only three mammal species known to feed exclusively on blood, mainly from domestic mammals, although large wildlife and occasionally humans can also serve as a food source. Blood feeding makes D. rotundus an effective transmissor of pathogens to its prey. Consequently, this species is a common target of culling efforts by various individuals and organizations. Nevertheless, little is known about the historical distribution of D. rotundus. Detailed occurrence data are critical for the accurate assessment of past and current distributions of D. rotundus as part of ecological, biogeographical, and epidemiological research. This article presents a dataset of D. rotundus historical occurrence reports, including >39,000 locality reports across the Americas to facilitate the development of spatiotemporal studies of the species. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.15025296.

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Scientific Data

Título del artículo:

Personal and household PM2.5 and black carbon exposure measures and respiratory symptoms in 8 low- and middle-income countries

Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels has been associated with adverse respiratory effects, but most studies use surveys of fuel use to define HAP exposure, rather than on actual air pollution exposure measurements. Objective: To examine associations between household and personal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) measures and respiratory symptoms. Methods: As part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Air Pollution study, we analyzed 48-h household and personal PM2.5 and BC measurements for 870 individuals using different cooking fuels from 62 communities in 8 countries (Bangladesh, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe). Self-reported respiratory symptoms were collected after monitoring. Associations between PM2.5 and BC exposures and respiratory symptoms were examined using logistic regression models, controlling for individual, household, and community covariates. Results: The median (interquartile range) of household and personal PM2.5 was 73.5 (119.1) and 65.3 (91.5) μg/m3, and for household and personal BC was 3.4 (8.3) and 2.5 (4.9) x10−5 m−1, respectively. We observed associations between household PM2.5 and wheeze (OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.46), cough (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.06, 1.39), and sputum (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.44), as well as exposure to household BC and wheeze (OR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.39) and sputum (OR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.36), per IQR increase. We observed associations between personal PM2.5 and wheeze (OR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.50) and sputum (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.41). For household PM2.5 and BC, associations were generally stronger for females compared to males. Models using an indicator variable of solid versus clean fuels resulted in larger OR estimates with less precision. Conclusions: We used measurements of household and personal air pollution for individuals using different cooking fuels and documented strong associations with respiratory symptoms.

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Environmental Research

Título del artículo:

Mecanismos de acción de péptidos antibacterianos Ib-M contra Escherichia coli. Un estudio estructural y proteómico. Avances de resultados

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

Towards the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay: Green hydrogen production potential and end-uses

This study was conducted to estimate the potential for green H2 in Paraguay. A total production potential of 22.5 × 106 tons/year was obtained with a main contribution (93.34%) from solar photovoltaic. The greatest potential for producing H2 from solar and wind resources is in the Western region, and from hydro resources is in the Eastern region of the country. Two end-uses of green H2 were assessed: (1) automotive transportation, replacing gasoline and diesel; and (2) residential energy, replacing firewood and LPG for cooking in households across the country. In 16 of the 17 departments, green H2 is able to replace the overall consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as firewood and LPG. Finally, energy service cost (mobility), environmental aspects and CO2 emissions were considered for three urban mobility technologies for the Metropolitan Area of Asunción. Results show that the mobility cost of fuel cell hybrid electric buses is still very high in comparison to diesel buses and battery electric buses. However, when a longer driving range is required, fuel cell hybrid electric buses could become a viable alternative in the long term. From an environmental point of view, green H2 used in fuel cell hybrid electric buses has the potential to save about 96% of CO2 emissions in comparison to diesel buses. It is concluded that the estimated green H2 production potential favors the incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

The use of synthetic agonists of quorum sensing N- acyl homoserine lactone pathway improves the bioleaching ability in Acidithiobacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria

Metal solubilization from discarded electrical material and electronic devices (e-waste) using the bioleaching capabilities of bacterial cells is highly effective. However, gaps in understanding about the microbiological processes involved in the bioleaching reaction leads to less efficient metal solubilization in large-scale e-waste processing. In this study, bacterial species belonging to the genera Acidithiobacillus and Pseudomonas were used to leach copper and gold from discarded printed circuit boards (PCB). Through modulation of the cell-to-cell communication system in these bacteria, phenotypic traits directly involved in the bioleaching reaction were regulated in order to improve the metal solubilization. Addition of the long chain synthetic autoinducer molecule N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) of the quorum sensing pathway to the bioleaching reaction resulted in a significant enhancement of metal extraction from PCB. Factors such as: cell attachment to PCB, biofilm formation and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production were regulated by the quorum sensing system and could be directly related to the improvement of metal bioleaching. Bioleaching reactions using bacterial quorum sensing modulation could represent a valuable tool in overcoming limitations at the industrial level imposed by microbiological traits that lead to inefficient metal bioleaching from e-waste.

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PeerJ

Título del artículo:

Risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in South America: a PURE substudy

Aims: In a multinational South American cohort, we examined variations in CVD incidence and mortality rates between subpopulations stratified by country, by sex and by urban or rural location. We also examined the contributions of 12 modifiable risk factors to CVD development and to death. Methods and results: This prospective cohort study included 24 718 participants from 51 urban and 49 rural communities in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. The mean follow-up was 10.3 years. The incidence of CVD and mortality rates were calculated for the overall cohort and in subpopulations. Hazard ratios and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for CVD and for death were examined for 12 common modifiable risk factors, grouped as metabolic (hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, and high non-HDL cholesterol), behavioural (tobacco, alcohol, diet quality, and physical activity), and others (education, household air pollution, strength, and depression). Leading causes of death were CVD (31.1%), cancer (30.6%), and respiratory diseases (8.6%). The incidence of CVD (per 1000 person-years) only modestly varied between countries, with the highest incidence in Brazil (3.86) and the lowest in Argentina (3.07). There was a greater variation in mortality rates (per 1000 person-years) between countries, with the highest in Argentina (5.98) and the lowest in Chile (4.07). Men had a higher incidence of CVD (4.48 vs. 2.60 per 1000 person-years) and a higher mortality rate (6.33 vs. 3.96 per 1000 person-years) compared with women. Deaths were higher in rural compared to urban areas. Approximately 72% of the PAF for CVD and 69% of the PAF for deaths were attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors. For CVD, largest PAFs were due to hypertension (18.7%), abdominal obesity (15.4%), tobacco use (13.5%), low strength (5.6%), and diabetes (5.3%). For death, the largest PAFs were from tobacco use (14.4%), hypertension (12.0%), low education (10.5%), abdominal obesity (9.7%), and diabetes (5.5%). Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases account for over two-thirds of deaths in South America. Men have consistently higher CVD and mortality rates than women. A large proportion of CVD and premature deaths could be averted by controlling metabolic risk factors and tobacco use, which are common leading risk factors for both outcomes in the region.

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European Heart Journal

Título del artículo:

Immobilization Systems of Antimicrobial Peptide Ib−M1 in Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Alginate and Chitosan

The development of new strategies to reduce the use of traditional antibiotics has been a topic of global interest due to the resistance generated by multiresistant microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, as etiological agents of various diseases. Antimicrobial peptides are presented as an alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by this type of microorganism. The Ib−M1 peptide meets the requirements to be used as an antimicrobial compound. However, it is necessary to use strategies that generate protection and resist the conditions encountered in a biological system. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized alginate and chitosan nanoparticles (Alg−Chi NPs) using the ionic gelation technique, which allows for the crosslinking of polymeric chains arranged in nanostructures by intermolecular interactions that can be either covalent or non-covalent. Such interactions can be achieved through the use of crosslinking agents that facilitate this binding. This technique allows for immobilization of the Ib−M1 peptide to form an Ib−M1/Alg−Chi bioconjugate. SEM, DLS, and FT-IR were used to determine the structural features of the nanoparticles. We evaluated the biological activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and Vero mammalian cells, as well as the stability at various temperatures, pH, and proteases, of Ib−M1 and Ib−M1/Alg-Chi. The results showed agglomerates of nanoparticles with average sizes of 150 nm; an MIC of 12.5 µM, which was maintained in the bioconjugate; and cytotoxicity values close to 40%. Stability was maintained against pH and temperature; in proteases, it was only evidenced against pepsin in Ib−M1/Alg-Chi. The results are promising with respect to the use of Ib−M1 and Ib−M1/Alg−Chi as possible antimicrobial agents.

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Polymers

Título del artículo:

Variations in the association of height with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer in low-, middle-and high-income countries

Background: Final adult height is a useful proxy measure of childhood nutrition and disease burden. Tall stature has been previously associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, decreased risk of major cardiovascular events and an increased risk of cancer. However, these associations have primarily been derived from people of European and East Asian backgrounds, and there are sparse data from other regions of the world. Methods: The Prospective Urban-Rural Epidemiology study is a large, longitudinal population study done in 21 countries of varying incomes and sociocultural settings. We enrolled an unbiased sample of households, which were eligible if at least one household member was aged 35-70 years. Height was measured in a standardized manner, without shoes, to the nearest 0.1 cm. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years (interquartile range 8.3-12.0), we assessed the risk of all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events and cancer. Results: A total of 154 610 participants, enrolled since January 2003, with known height and vital status, were included in this analysis. Follow-up event data until March 2021 were used; 11 487 (7.4%) participants died, whereas 9291 (6.0%) participants had a major cardiovascular event and 5873 (3.8%) participants had a new diagnosis of cancer. After adjustment, taller individuals had lower hazards of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) per 10-cm increase in height 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.96] and major cardiovascular events (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00), whereas the hazard of cancer was higher in taller participants (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.28). The interaction p-values between height and country-income level for all three outcomes were <0.001, suggesting that the association with height varied by country-income level for these outcomes. In low-income countries, height was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.92) and major cardiovascular events (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.93). There was no association of height with these outcomes in middle-and high-income countries. The respective HRs for cancer in low-, middle-and high-income countries were 1.14 (95% CI 0.99-1.32), 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.14-1.26). Conclusions: Unlike high-and middle-income countries, tall stature has a strong inverse association with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in low-income countries. Improved childhood physical development and advances in population-wide cardiovascular treatments in high-and middle-income countries may contribute to this gap. From a life-course perspective, we hypothesize that optimizing maternal and child health in low-income countries may improve rates of premature mortality and cardiovascular events in these countries, at a population level.

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International Journal of Epidemiology

Título del artículo:

Monkeypox outbreak, will it affect surgery services? – Correspondence

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International Journal of Surgery

Título del artículo:

Muscular Strength in Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Narrative Review

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 32% of all deaths in 2019. There has been increasing interest in understanding the role of low muscular strength as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, given its association with other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. An inverse association between muscle strength, chronic disease, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular-related death has been reported. Recent clinical trials have consistently shown that resistance exercise, which increases strength, and potentially muscle mass, significantly improves the control of known cardiovascular disease risk factors and reduces the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular mortality. In the present article, we review the growing body of evidence that supports the need for future research to evaluate the potential of handgrip strength as a screening tool for cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in the clinical medical setting, as part of routine care using an affordable handgrip strength device. Moreover, it is crucial to devise large-scale interventions driven by governmental health policies to educate the general population and healthcare professionals about the importance of muscular strengthening activities and to promote access to these activities to improve cardiometabolic health and reduce incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

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Anatolian Journal of Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Theoretical model of territorial agro-industrial development through multi-focus research analytics

This study sought to propose a theoretical model by determining the incident factors of agro-industrial territorial development based on the existing scientific literature and the exploration of successful case studies in the sector worldwide. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, with a bibliometric analysis and content analysis, recognizing elements associated with the improvement of competitiveness and territorial development. The factors identified as incidents of agro-industrial territorial development are: the short supply chain, protection of agri-food products with territorial identity, family farming, local food systems and agribusiness. These factors were integrated into a theoretical model in order to analyze the systemic interaction of each of the factors to find the causes or reasons for territorial development where activation mechanisms can be identified, such as: relational, spatial and technological proximity, the institutional framework from the territory, the support of public policy and the promotion of inclusive and integrated businesses in the value chain.

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Journal of Rural Studies

Título del artículo:

Novel Indices of Cognitive Impairment and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes in the REWIND Trial

Context: Low cognitive scores are risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes. Whether this relationship is stronger using novel cognitive indices is unknown. Methods: Participants in the Researching Cardiovascular Events with a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial who completed both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Digit Substitution Test (DSST) at baseline (N = 8772) were included. These scores were used to identify participants with baseline substantive cognitive impairment (SCI), defined as a baseline score on either the MoCA or DSST ≥ 1.5 SD below either score\'s country-specific mean, or SCI-GM, which was based on a composite index of both scores calculated as their geometric mean (GM), and defined as a score that was ≥ 1.5 SD below their country\'s average GM. Relationships between these measures and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and either stroke or death were analyzed. Results: Compared with 7867 (89.7%) unaffected participants, the 905 (10.3%) participants with baseline SCI had a higher incidence of MACE (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% CI 1.11, 1.62; P = 0.003), and stroke or death (unadjusted HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.33, 1.91; P < 0.001). Stronger relationships were noted for SCI-GM and MACE (unadjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.28, 2.01; P < 0.001), and stroke or death (unadjusted HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.50, 2.30; P < 0.001). For SCI-GM but not SCI, all these relationships remained significant in models that adjusted for up to 10 SCI risk factors. Conclusion: Country-standardized SCI-GM was a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes in the REWIND trial.

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Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Título del artículo:

Acute coronary syndromes following COVID-19 vaccine application: Kounis syndrome or chance?

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Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Título del artículo:

Aminothiazole Ligand-Type Dioxo-Mo(VI) Complex Anchored on TiO2 Nanotubes for Selective Oxidation of Monoterpenes with Light and O2

Selective Oxygen Atom Transfer to α-pinene, β-pinene, (R)-limonene and camphene by dioxo-Mo(VI)Ln complex {Ln = 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acid} anchored on TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NT) using O2 as oxidant and UV light was studied at ambient conditions. The Catalytic system was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C, and elemental analysis. Molecular oxygen reoxidizes the (Mo(IV)=O) reduced unit in the darkness, forming an oxo-peroxo-Mo intermediate. The catalyst under UV radiation transfers two oxygen atoms to the olefin. The α-pinene is found to be the most reactive monoterpene. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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Topics in Catalysis

Título del artículo:

Association of Sitting Time with Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in High-Income, Middle-Income, and Low-Income Countries

Importance: High amounts of sitting time are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in high-income countries, but it is unknown whether risks also increase in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To investigate the association of sitting time with mortality and major CVD in countries at different economic levels using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included participants aged 35 to 70 years recruited from January 1, 2003, and followed up until August 31, 2021, in 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries with a median follow-up of 11.1 years. Exposures: Daily sitting time measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Main Outcomes and Measures: The composite of all-cause mortality and major CVD (defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Results: Of 105677 participants, 61925 (58.6%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 50.4 (9.6) years. During a median follow-up of 11.1 (IQR, 8.6-12.2) years, 6233 deaths and 5696 major cardiovascular events (2349 myocardial infarctions, 2966 strokes, 671 heart failure, and 1792 cardiovascular deaths) were documented. Compared with the reference group (<4 hours per day of sitting), higher sitting time (≥8 hours per day) was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28; Pfor trend <.001), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.31; Pfor trend <.001), and major CVD (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34; Pfor trend <.001). When stratified by country income levels, the association of sitting time with the composite outcome was stronger in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (≥8 hours per day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.44) compared with high-income and upper-middle-income countries (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.19; P for interaction =.02). Compared with those who reported sitting time less than 4 hours per day and high physical activity level, participants who sat for 8 or more hours per day experienced a 17% to 50% higher associated risk of the composite outcome across physical activity levels; and the risk was attenuated along with increased physical activity levels. Conclusions and Relevance: High amounts of sitting time were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD in economically diverse settings, especially in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Reducing sedentary time along with increasing physical activity might be an important strategy for easing the global burden of premature deaths and CVD.

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JAMA Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Current and Future Frontiers of Molecularly Defined Oligodendrogliomas

Oligodendrogliomas are a subtype of adult diffuse glioma characterized by their better responsiveness to systemic chemotherapy than other high-grade glial tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 brain tumor classification highlighted defining molecular markers, including 1p19q codeletion and IDH mutations which have become key in diagnosing and treating oligodendrogliomas. The management for patients with oligodendrogliomas includes observation or surgical resection potentially followed by radiation and chemotherapy with PCV (Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine) or Temozolomide. However, most of the available research about oligodendrogliomas includes a mix of histologically and molecularly diagnosed tumors. Even data driving our current management guidelines are based on post-hoc subgroup analyses of the 1p19q codeleted population in landmark prospective trials. Therefore, the optimal treatment paradigm for molecularly defined oligodendrogliomas is incompletely understood. Many questions remain open, such as the optimal timing of radiation and chemotherapy, the response to different chemotherapeutic agents, or what genetic factors influence responsiveness to these agents. Ultimately, oligodendrogliomas are still incurable and new therapies, such as targeting IDH mutations, are necessary. In this opinion piece, we present relevant literature in the field, discuss current challenges, and propose some studies that we think are necessary to answer these critical questions.

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Frontiers in Oncology

Título del artículo:

A model of metformin mitochondrial metabolism in metachromatic leukodystrophy: first description of human Schwann cells transfected with CRISPR-Cas9

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a neurological lysosomal deposit disease that affects public health despite its low incidence in the population. Currently, few reports are available on pathophysiological events related to enzyme deficiencies and subsequent sulfatide accumulation. This research aims to examine the use of metformin as an alternative treatment to counteract these effects. This was evaluated in human Schwann cells (HSCs) transfected or non-transfected with CRISPR-Cas9, and later treated with sulfatides and metformin. This resulted in transfected HSCs showing a significant increase in cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production when exposed to 100 μM sulfatides (p = 0.0007), compared to non-transfected HSCs. Sulfatides at concentrations of 10 to 100 μM affected mitochondrial bioenergetics in transfected HSCs. Moreover, these analyses showed that transfected cells showed a decrease in basal and maximal respiration rates after exposure to 100 μM sulfatide. However, maximal and normal mitochondrial respiratory capacity decreased in cells treated with both sulfatide and metformin. This study has provided valuable insights into bioenergetic and mitochondrial effects of sulfatides in HSCs for the first time. Treatment with metformin (500 μM) restored the metabolic activity of these cells and decreased ROS production.

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Open Biology

Título del artículo:

Knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and sexual practices among young university students in the city of Cucuta

In Colombia, young people are part of the population group that is most at risk regarding their sexual health and the knowledge associated with this component, which is why we chose to describe the sexual practices and the knowledge they have regarding HIV and other STIs, consolidating an approach to undergraduate students of an HEI in northeastern Colombia from a quantitative perspective with a non-experimental design, descriptive and cross-sectional scope. The population was 2 605 students while the sampling was probabilistic with proportional allocation resulting in a sample of 525 students, considering the 12 academic programs considered for the study. Broadly speaking, the disjunctive between the knowledge associated with STIs and the sexual practices of young university students is consolidated, and strategies should be focused on sensitizing students to strengthen healthy sexual practices that reduce their risk of acquiring STIs.

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Gaceta Medica de Caracas